The following table as shown in Table A.5: Sample profile 2022 outlines the details of the sample profile for the 2022 study; covering all 11-16 year olds who participated in the Young People Omnibus (YPO).

Table A.5 - Sample profile 2022

Table A.5: Sample profile 2022.
Sample group	Unweighted (number)	Unweighted (percentage)	Weighted (percentage)
Total	2,559	100%	100%
Gender of pupils
Male	1,238	48%	48%
Female	1,167	46%	46%
In another way	82	3%	3%
Prefer not to say	72	3%	3%
Age of pupils
11	85	3%	4%
12	447	17%	20%
13	693	27%	22%
14	719	28%	24%
15	442	17%	18%
16	173	7%	11%
Year of pupils²
7	401	16%	20%
8	696	27%	21%
9	639	25%	21%
10	547	21%	20%
11	276	11%	18%
Ethnic origin
White	1,923	75%	73%
Black and Minority Ethnic (BME)	589	23%	26%
Region
London	270	11%	14%
South East	346	14%	14%
South West	195	8%	8%
North East	278	11%	4%
North West	264	10%	11%
East of England	208	8%	10%
East Midlands	216	8%	8%
West Midlands	237	9%	10%
Yorkshire and Humberside	118	5%	9%
Scotland	255	10%	7%
Wales	172	7%	4%

Profile of schools

In this section we analyse how the sample of participating schools compares with the population of schools that are eligible for YPO (that is to say maintained secondary schools in England, Wales and Scotland). The information for England and Wales is drawn from the Department for Education's 'Get Information About Schools’ database, and the equivalent for Scotland.

Less detailed information is available on the sampling frames for schools in Wales and Scotland, and the analysis is based on the information available for each country for each variable. We analyse the profiles of schools for a range of variables, including:

school type
regional distribution
urban and/or rural profile
proportion of pupils eligible for free school meals.

Type of establishment

Figures for England and Wales for type of establishment are shown as follows in Table A.6: Profile of school type for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample. Similar categories are not available on the sampling frame for Scotland where all schools are listed as comprehensive.

The proportions in the population and starting sample are similar. There is a slight drop in the proportion of academies, and an over-representation of Welsh schools in the final sample, which was corrected by weighting the data. Only one free school took part in YPO 2022; in practice, free schools are very similar to academies, so this is unlikely to introduce any bias in the sample.

Table A.6: Profile of school type for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample

Table A.6: Profile of school type for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample.
School type	Percentage of population (all schools eligible to be sampled)	Percentage of all schools sampled for YPO 2022	Percentage of schools participating in YPO 2022
Academies	65%	69%	60%
Free schools	7%	5%	2%
Local authority maintained schools	22%	21%	23%
Welsh schools	5%	6%	15%

The regional breakdown of the population, starting sample, and participating sample for England and Scotland is shown as follows in Table A.7: Regional profile for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample.

The participating sample over-represents schools in the North East and Wales compared with the starting sample and population, and slightly under-represents schools in the East of England, London and Yorkshire and the Humber.

Table A.7: Regional profile for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample

Table A.7: Regional profile for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample.
Region	Percentage of population (all schools eligible to be sampled)	Percentage of all schools sampled for YPO 2022	Percentage of schools participating in YPO 2022
East Midlands	8%	8%	8%
East of England	11%	11%	8%
London	14%	14%	11%
North East	4%	4%	9%
North West	13%	14%	13%
South East	14%	15%	13%
South West	9%	9%	8%
Wales	5%	6%	15%
West Midlands	11%	11%	9%
Yorkshire and the Humber	9%	9%	6%
Total (number)	3,326	470	53

The distribution of urban and rural schools in England, Scotland and Wales is consistent between the sample and population. However, the final profile of participating schools slightly over represents those in rural areas with 20 percent of participating schools being located in rural areas compared with 15 percent of the population.

Table A.8: Rural and/or urban profile for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample

Table A.8: Rural and/or urban profile for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample.
Urban or rural	Percentage of population (all schools eligible to be sampled)	Percentage of all schools sampled for YPO 2022	Percentage of schools participating in YPO 2022
All urban	85%	85%	80%
All rural	15%	15%	20%

The following table as shown in Table A.9: School size, and average percentage pupils eligible for free school meals for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample, shows the average number of pupils in schools, and the average percentage eligible for Free School Meals.

The figures for the population, starting sample and participating sample are broadly.

Table A.9: School size, and average percentage pupils eligible for free school meals for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample

Table A.9: School size, and average percentage pupils eligible for free school meals for school population and Young People Omnibus (YPO) starting and/or participating sample.
Data definitions	Percentage of population (all schools eligible to be sampled)	Percentage of all schools sampled for YPO 2022	Percentage of schools participating in YPO 2022
Average percentage free school meals (England and Wales)	15%	14%	17%

The sample of schools participating in YPO 2020 is broadly representative of the population, with a similar profile in terms of types of establishment, free school meals, and urbanity profile. There were some differences by region in the profile of our achieved sample compared with the population, but regional weights applied to the data will correct for any regional bias this might have introduced to the findings.

Notes

² Where responses do not sum to 100 percent this is due to rounding or some young people selecting ‘not stated’. Or equivalent year groups in Scotland.

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Last updated: 27 July 2023

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Young People and Gambling 2022

Contents

Sample profile

Profile of young people