Report

Illegal online gambling: Consumer engagement and trends

The Gambling Commission’s report into estimated trends in consumer engagement with illegal gambling websites.

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Published
25 September 2025

Last updated
30 June 2025 - Changes

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Contents

• Illegal online gambling: Consumer engagement and trends

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• Executive summary
• Introduction
• Identifying illegal gambling websites
• Measuring engagement with the online illegal market
• Assumptions on use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
• Conclusions
• Next steps
• Annexes
• • Annex A - Summary of approach, assumptions and caveats
  • Annex B - Bootstrapping methodology for web traffic estimates
  • Annex C - Consumer research on VPN use

Betting host (real and virtual)

Contents

1. Operational information Operational information for licensees who hold remote betting host (real and virtual) and general betting (limited) licences.
2. Financial information Financial information for licensees who hold remote betting host (real and virtual) and general betting (limited) licences

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Last updated: 30 June 2025

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Removal of contributions guidance.