Report

Illegal online gambling: Consumer engagement and trends

The Gambling Commission’s report into estimated trends in consumer engagement with illegal gambling websites.

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Published
25 September 2025

Last updated
30 September 2025 - Changes

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Contents

• Illegal online gambling: Consumer engagement and trends

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• Executive summary
• Part 1 - Introduction
• Part 2 - Identifying illegal gambling websites
• Part 3 - Measuring engagement with the online illegal market
• Part 4 - Assumptions on use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
• Part 5 - Conclusions
• Part 6 - Next steps
• Annexes
• • Annex A - Summary of approach, assumptions and caveats
  • Annex B - Bootstrapping methodology for web traffic estimates
  • Annex C - Consumer research on VPN use

Annexes

Contents

1. Annex A - Summary of approach, assumptions and caveats Annex A of the Gambling Commission's research into the estimated trends in consumer engagement with illegal gambling websites.
2. Annex B - Bootstrapping methodology for web traffic estimates Annex B of the Gambling Commission's research into the estimated trends in consumer engagement with illegal gambling websites.
3. Annex C - Consumer research on VPN use Annex C of the Gambling Commission's research into the estimated trends in consumer engagement with illegal gambling websites.

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Illegal gambling: Consumer engagement and trends - Next steps

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Last updated: 30 September 2025

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