Report
Illegal online gambling - Phase 2: Identifying indicators of consumer engagement with illegal gambling websites
The Gambling Commission's report on the second phase of the Consumer Voice illegal gambling project.
Contents
Next steps
After Phase 2, a review and refinement of indicator statements took place, addressing weaknesses such as ambiguity and accuracy limitations. These refined indicators formed the basis for a Phase 3 technical study, which was conducted to assess the strength of each illegal indicator, both individually and in combination with the others. The objective of this study was to determine the level of confidence in identifying illegal usage based on these finalised indicators.
To achieve this, an index was developed, assigning respondents a score reflecting the likelihood of their engagement with illegal websites. Details of this index and its methodology are set to be published in the Phase 3 technical report.
In Phase 4, the final set of indicators will be established and included in the Gambling Commission’s Gambling Survey of Great Britain (GSGB) to estimate population-level engagement with illegal gambling websites on an ongoing basis. Continued monitoring of emerging trends in the illegal market remains essential to ensure the continued relevance of statements and the inclusion of new indicators as they arise.
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Appendices - Illegal online gambling: Phase 2
Last updated: 18 September 2025
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