Report

Illegal online gambling: Consumer engagement and trends

The Gambling Commission’s report into estimated trends in consumer engagement with illegal gambling websites.

---

Published
25 September 2025

Last updated
30 June 2025 - Changes

Document actions
Print or save (opens in new tab)

Contents

• Illegal online gambling: Consumer engagement and trends

---

• Executive summary
• Introduction
• Identifying illegal gambling websites
• Measuring engagement with the online illegal market
• Assumptions on use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
• Conclusions
• Next steps
• Annexes
• • Annex A - Summary of approach, assumptions and caveats
  • Annex B - Bootstrapping methodology for web traffic estimates
  • Annex C - Consumer research on VPN use

General betting standard (real and virtual events) - remote and general betting (limited) - remote

Contents

1. Operational information Operational information for licensees who hold remote general betting standard (real and virtual events) licences.
2. Financial information Financial information for licensees who hold remote general betting standard (real and virtual events) licences

---

Last updated: 30 June 2025

Show updates to this content

Removal of contributions guidance.